National Institute for Radiological Protection(NIRP) was established in October 1965，formerly called Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Health. It has experienced a glorious history over the last half century, with the development of applications of nuclear technique and radiological health in China. Since 2002, under the leadership, supervision and strong support of the National Health and Family Planning Commission and the China CDC, NIRP has played an important role in scientific research, personnel training, radiation monitoring and risk assessment, radiation protection quality control for radiondiagnosis and radiotherapy equipnents, modification and formulation of laws, regulations and standards related to radiatiological health, as well as the technical support for radiological health supervision management and its policy making. NIRP has made great contributions in ensuring the sustainable development of applications of nuclear technique, protection of the health of the radiation workers and the public.